Breeding for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat under rainfed conditions

Pre-harvest sprouting in wheat is the germination of seeds within the spikes when rains occur after or during grain ripening, which occurs commonly in the barani tract of Pakistan. Therefore, 10 cultivars and five advanced lines of spring bread wheat were evaluated for pre-harvest sprouting resistance. After natural rainfall, seeds were immediately collected from the wet spikes and tested for germinating ability. Three different germination tests were applied to hand-threshed seed: (1) spikes threshed on the day of sampling and germination tested immediately, (2) spikes threshed on the day of sampling and germination tested 1 week later, and (3) spikes threshed 1 week after sampling and germination test immediately after threshing. Seeds and spikes kept for 1 week were place on blotting paper at room temperature. Cultivars BARS-09, 09FJ17, Doukkala-12, NARC-09 and Ouassou-20 exhibited higher sprouting resistance while other genotypes were susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting in each of the three tests. A diallel crossing was conducted with six susceptible and two resistant genotypes to assess the genetic behavior of pre-harvest sprouting resistance. The combining ability (CA) demonstrated a higher proportion of additive genetic effects for sprouting resistance, because of higher variance of general and specific CA for both parameters under study. Doukkala-12 and BARS-09 showed increased pre-harvest sprouting resistance in their F₁ descendants.     

油菜响应水分胁迫的生理机制及栽培调控措施研究进展

油菜在整个生育期中对水分要求严苛,而随着全球气候变暖及强降雨事件的发生,油菜生产环境恶化,干旱和淹水交替发生,对油菜的生育进程及代谢过程产生了显著影响,使油菜产量降低、品质变劣。一播全苗是作物高产稳产的基础,油菜播种后的水分条件很大程度决定了成苗数量,而成苗后各生育期的水分条件在油菜生产中的作用同样不容小觑,决定了油菜最终的生产效益。在面临水分胁迫的过程中,油菜根系优先感应到干旱/淹水信号,同时地上部发生气孔关闭、光合作用减弱及渗透调节等一系列生理反应,地上部-地下部同时启动相应机制以对抗水分逆境,而现有的研究中尚未对油菜根-冠互作进行深入剖析。     

土壤水动力学模型在SPAC系统中应用研究进展

从土壤水动力学典型的裸地蒸发模型、蒸发蒸腾量模型、土壤水分入渗模型出发,综述了SPAC系统下国内外现行的植物根系吸水模型、溶质运移模型、农业生态系统模型等研究进展,归纳和讨论了目前土壤水动力学模型在SPAC系统建模中存在的问题与不足。并对该领域的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望：建立准确的数值模型来解决实际问题是蒸发蒸腾量模型未来研究的趋势;入渗模型从点至区域的动态扩展,并结合土壤侵蚀、污染物运移等因素的农业倾向性研究为潜在的重要分支方向;根系吸水模型应更多被用于监测土壤水分动态、设计合理的灌溉制度及干旱预警等体系;利用计算机、遥感等技术手段建立农业生态系统物能循环的机理性模型将为模型的实用性和精度提供有力支撑。     

土壤水动力学模型在SPAC系统中应用研究进展

从土壤水动力学典型的裸地蒸发模型、蒸发蒸腾量模型、土壤水分入渗模型出发,综述了SPAC系统下国内外现行的植物根系吸水模型、溶质运移模型、农业生态系统模型等研究进展,归纳和讨论了目前土壤水动力学模型在SPAC系统建模中存在的问题与不足。并对该领域的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望：建立准确的数值模型来解决实际问题是蒸发蒸腾量模型未来研究的趋势;入渗模型从点至区域的动态扩展,并结合土壤侵蚀、污染物运移等因素的农业倾向性研究为潜在的重要分支方向;根系吸水模型应更多被用于监测土壤水分动态、设计合理的灌溉制度及干旱预警等体系;利用计算机、遥感等技术手段建立农业生态系统物能循环的机理性模型将为模型的实用性和精度提供有力支撑。